Monday, April 15, 2024

Niche Mechanisms 007: basketball ball-popping

An iconic arcade game mechanism that still has drawing power today, basketball games where you pop the ball into the net have been popular for generations.  Over on my eremeka site I have been writing about the confusing history of basketball games in Japan, and I wanted to present a streamlined international timeline as part of the Niche Mechanisms series.

We will look at games that are 2-player head-to-head and use a series of buttons to activate solenoids to fire balls from holes that are resting in grooves.  Not every game is basketball-themed, but most are.



The purely mechanical origins

Head-to-head ball-popping basketball games are fairly old, but most use the physical force of the player to launch the balls.


1924 Aero-matic Basketball game by A. Emenhiser Mfg. & Distributor Co. Tulsa, OK (via Morphy)


1931 Play Basket Ball by Filmascope

1940 Basket Ball by Bally (via pinrepair)

Set-Shot Backetball ups the intensity by providing the player with a whole line of buttons.  The center spinner is a mechanism we will see again in 1962 with Bally's Spinner.

1952 Set-Shot Basketball by Richman Corp & Mike Munves

Even later games were built using this principle.  Each solenoid drives up the build costs, so mechanical games are less expensive.

1976 Block a Shot by Brunswick 


The electromechanical ancestor

While it does not get much love in North America, Bally's Spinner took head-to-head action (head-to-head-to-head-to-head, technically) and added solenoids and found modest success internationally.  Each player has 5 holes in front of them and pressing one of 5 buttons ejects a ball from the associated hole to try and make the best "hand".  We call it "Reverse Hungry Hungry Hippos", and it is a great game for betting dollars on.  (or whatever currency you can balance on the top of the dome)

This might seem a removed from the basketball games below, but I feel this innovation is what directly preceded their invention.  Spinner appears to have been widely exported, and its influence is deeper than most people give it credit for.  It's iconic dome, it's focus on player-v-player competition occurring across the dome, and it's solenoid controlled eject buttons all had a strong influence on the market.  Even it's central spinner mechanism would appear in a number of other arcade machines in the subsequent years and decades.  (We love you, Orbitor 1!)

1962 Spinner by Bally (via Morphy)

Game mechanisms follow obtuse histories, and when we take ball-popping basketball games and add in lines of solenoids we arrive at one of the most exciting mechanisms to ever hit the arcade: electric ball-popping head-to-head basketball games!


On to the basketball, proper.

The earliest machines of this type seem to have come out of Italy, with RMG's Football (trying to find a picture).  L'Automatico had RMG build their iconic basketball-style games.  (all of this is hearsay from Mr. Croci of Tilt.it, who knew RMG)

We know that L'Automatico (of Bologna, Italy) were building these in 1965 because by January 1966 they had already sent variant models to the UK to be sold by Jollymatic, under a different name.  I do not know for certain if 1965 was their first year.

~1965 Pallacanestro Elettrica by L'Automatico

Pallacanestro Elettrica variant: this one has a slightly different control panel graphic, and there are visible numbers on the score board when unlit.  We know one of these models, at least, was around in 1965.  My instinct is that it is the top model came first. 



1966 Basket Ball by Jollymatic (UK) & L'Automatico / RMG (Italy)

Sega's Basketball would not appear until the end of 1966.  Please see the article linked under the photo for full details on it, its' successors, and its' copy-cats.

1966 Basketball - バスケットボール by セガ (Sega) (Japan)

1967 Basket by Rhenania (Germany)

This next machine is nearly identical to Basket above, but introduces a sloping control panel and the body is less of a basic rectangle.

Basket by unknown [but presumably built by RMG, Italy]
this machine could easily be the version Jollymatic displayed in 1966.
another view of the same machine

Here is another machine that fits a similar profile, except it has the rectangular base, sloping control panel, different scoreboard, and the "Hop-Ball" illumination in the corners has been changed to "International Basket"

International Basket by unknown [presumed built by RMG, Italy]


This machine was advertised as "British Made".  Image below is from the Spring issue of Coin Slot Review.
1967 Super Basketball by Passmatic




1967 Crown Basketball - バスケットボール 901 (Basketball 901) by 太東 (Taito — Crown) (Japan)

1967 Crown Basketball - バスケットボール 902 (Basketball 902) by 太東 (Taito — Crown) (Japan)

1968 Basketball - バスケットボール by セガ (Sega) (Japan)

Note: while there are least 2 major sources on the internet that have Midway's Basketball as listed as 1964 it was made in 1968.  This is well documented in the article linked above for Sega's Basketball.  If a version came out earlier and I have missed any press releases for it, please let me know!  I want to be sure the information here is as accurate as possible.


1968 Basketball by Midway (USA)


this next game is very similar to Bally's Spinner, except you pop the balls up in to the baskets.
~1969 玉入れゲーム (ball bowl game) by 日本自動販売機 (Japan Vending Machine — Game Mate)  & カトウ (Kato)



~1969 ラグビー (Rugby) by カトウ (Kato) (Japan)



~1969 チャンピオン・バスケットゲーム (Champion basket game) by 昭和遊園 (Showa Yuen) (Japan)

1970 Super-Basket by Rhenania (Germany)
note: the control panel says Basket, but the adcopy says Super-Basket

The machine above has a design that slopes inward in tiers.  This next one is similar in that regard but uses pinball-style metal legs.  I do not know the year for it.

Basket Ball
unknown year, presumed European

This next model is quite similar to the one above: same slanted panel, same metallic armor trim, same style coin door.  Differences: the control panel has a blue background instead of orange, the base is a different shape, and the scoreboard graphic is unique. (though the backboard lights line up with the original scoreboard configuration)

Basket Ball - via scorpa163 @ pennymachines (archive)

Basket Ball scoreboard

Basket Ball control panel

It was also pointed out that the coin door of the above two are the same that Gottlieb used, from about 1963 to 1975.

This next machine is very similar to the machine 2 above.  Same scoreboard, but the classic "BASKET".  It actually looks very close to Super-Basket by Rhenania, above, but the control panel is flat and there's solid metal moulding around the edge.  

Basket [Hop-Ball] by Walmatich (Rimini, Italy)

Champion Long Shoot brings back the spinner popularized by Bally's Spinner (which we see fairly frequently in Japan in the 1960s).

1970 Champion Long Shoot [Champion Shoot Ball] - ロングシュート by 日本自動販売機 (Japan Vending Machine) & 昭和遊園 (Showa Yuen) (Japan)

1971 Basketball - バスケットボール by セガ (Sega) (Japan)

1972 Champion Basket Game - チャンピオン バスケット ゲーム by 昭和遊園 (Showa Yuen) (Japan)

1972 Crown Basketball - バスケットボール by 太東 (Taito — Crown) (Japan)

1977 Soccer - サッカー by セガ (Sega) (Japan)


1981 Basketball - バスケットボール by タイトー (Taito) (Japan)

I am unsure of the year of this one.  Atari is the manufacturer, and they ended in 1996.  Olympia is an Italian company that, according to KLOV, seemingly only existed until 1983.  So perhaps this is around 1983.  There is no basketball team called "NY Kings", it seems to be a riff on the old Kansas City Kings logo.  No idea why Iowa gets a racist little logo on this, they don't even have a pro basketball team AFAIK.

Basket Ball by Olympia (Italy) & Atari (USA)

These 2 Sega machines swap the buttons with a control ball that (I'm assuming) lets you highlight the position you want to pop with the button.

1992 Speed Basketball - スピードバスケットボール by セガ (Sega) (Japan)

1992 Speed Soccer - スピードサッカー by セガ (Sega) (Japan)



1994 エキサイティングショット (exciting shot) by バンプレスト (Banpresto) (Japan)


1995 サッカーランド (soccer land) by サンワイズ (sunwise) (Japan)

Cool Gunman replaced the row of buttons with sensors on each of the playfield segments, and players shoot them to make it pop.  The ball has been replaced with cans.  The game?  Very cool.
1998 Cool Gunman - クールガンマン by ナムコ (Namco) (Japan)


1999 Flash Soccer - フラッシュサッカー [unreleased] by セガ (Sega)




2003 わんにゃんバスケット (Wan Nyan basket) by 昭和技研 (Showa Giken — Shoken) (Japan)


2007 Ban Ban Basket - バンバン バスケット by ホープ (Hope) (Japan)

2008 たまいれバトル (Tamare Battle) by こまや (Komaya) (Japan)



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